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Polypogon viridis

(Gouan) Breistr. (1966)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Polypogon

water bent

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials.

Stems: Culms strongly decumbent at base and rooting at nodes, (1.5–)3–6(–8) dm long.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades linear, flat, relatively wide, (1.5–)2.5–4(–7) mm long. Upper surfaces smooth or scabrous. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Sheaths smooth, broad; ligule 1.5–4(–6) mm long, truncate, erose–ciliolate and somewhat lacerate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences paniculate, (2–)4–10(–16) cm long, compact, interrupted, the branches ascending to erect, spikelet–bearing to base. Spikelets slightly laterally compressed, rachilla not prolonged; glumes small, subequal, (1.2–) 1.5–1.8(–2) mm long, 1–nerved, densely and evenly scabrous, first glume ovate, second glume lanceolate; lemma membranous, 0.8–1.2 mm long, awnless, minutely apiculate by the excurrent nerves, callus blunt and glabrous; palea 0.5–1 mm long. Stamens 3. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Caryopsis brown; cylindrical; 0.7–1 mm long; ca. 0.3 mm wide.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 28; 42

Habitat: Naturalized in moist places; especially along streams; irrigation ditches; and seepage areas.

Elevation Range: 160–1,220 m.

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (41)

Agrestis verticillata (Vill.) Bubani (1901)
Agrostis alba subsp. verticillata (Vill.) Ball (1878)
Agrostis alba var. rivularis (Brot.) Mutel (1837)
Agrostis alba var. verticillata (Vill.) Pers. (1805)
Agrostis anatolica K.Koch (1848)
Agrostis aquatica Pourr. (1788)
Agrostis condensata Willd. ex Steud. (1840)
Agrostis dalmatica Trin. (1845)
Agrostis decumbens Elliott (1816)
Agrostis densa M.Bieb. (1808)
Agrostis frondosa Ten. ex Spreng. (1815)
Agrostis kauaiensis Hillebr. (1888)
Agrostis koelerioides Romo (1987)
Agrostis leptos Steud. (1854)
Agrostis muelleri C.Presl (1845)
Agrostis refracta Moench (1802)
Agrostis rivularis Brot. (1804)
Agrostis semiverticillata (Forssk.) C.Chr. (1922)
Agrostis stolonifera var. verticillata (Vill.) DC. (1805)
Agrostis verticillata Vill. (1779)
Agrostis verticillata proles frondosa (Halácsy) Rouy (1913)
Agrostis verticillata var. acutiglumis Costa (1864)
Agrostis verticillata var. coarctata Griseb. (1852)
Agrostis verticillata var. dalmatica (Trin.) Hayek (1933)
Agrostis verticillata var. frondosa (Ten.) Halácsy (1904)
Agrostis verticillata var. gracilis Velen. (1891)
Agrostis villarsii Poir. (1810)
Agrostis viridis Gouan (1762)
Agrostis vulgaris var. verticillata (Vill.) Le Turq. (1816)
Milium vulgare var. verticillata (Vill.) Mérat (1812)
Milium vulgare var. verticillatum (Vill.) Mérat (1812)
Nowodworskya semiverticillata (Forssk.) Nevski (1937)
Nowodworskya verticillata (Vill.) Nevski (1937)
Phalaris semiverticillata Forssk. (1775)
Polypogon semiverticillatus (Forssk.) Hyl. (1945)
Polypogon viridis subsp. pauciflorus H.Scholz & R.Otto (2008)
Polypogon × littoralis var. muticus Hook.f. (1896)
Vilfa densa (M.Bieb.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa frondosa C.Presl (1820)
Vilfa verticillata (Vill.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Vilfa villarsii P.Beauv. (1812)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110(Sess. Extraord.): lxxxix (1966)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1494 (K, H [as Agrostis semiverticillata]); Herbst & Clayton 1998:18, 33, 34 (NOM:Syn. A. semiverticillata, KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Makaha Valley, 3 miles down Makaha Ridge Road. Wet, dripping area at base of valley wall. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 1825 Kauai PTBG 7/21/1986
2 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kalalau Rim, North of Kahuamaa Flat. In cliff area collected with ropes. Area above cliffs severely degraded by goats and pigs. Steep Diverse lowland Mesic Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1010 Kauai PTBG 7/4/1991
3 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Koaie Canyon, upper stream area before narrow falls. Metrosideros mixed mesic forest along stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 2584 Kauai PTBG 5/24/1993
4 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. KAUAI: Milolii, from mouth of river and north-east to Makuaiki Point, seacliffs, with Schiedea apokremnos, Chenopodium oahuensis, Heteropogon contortus, Lipochaeta connata var. acris PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 8137 Kauai PTBG 1/12/2000
5 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kalalau Rim, NW facing aspect, below Pihea Peak. Approximate elevation 990-1190m. Metrosideros Montane Wet Mixed Community with sedges, grasses, and bryophytes. Epiphytes are common in the shrub layer. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1140 Kauai PTBG 8/13/1991
6 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Waimea Canyon State Park, mile 11.3 on HWY 550. Approximate elevation 3000-3500 ft. Remnant forest on steep, dry slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2201 Kauai PTBG 5/21/1987
7 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Hanalei Dist., Kalalau Rim, NW facing aspect, below Pihea Peak PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R. 1140 Kauai US 8/13/1991
8 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. headwaters of the N. fork of the Wailua River, area called "The Blue Hole" or "The Crater," just E. of Mt. Waialeale and Kawaikini. Deep valley surrounded by steep cliffs ca. 1000m high laced with waterfalls, low primary vegetation of small, stunted trees 1-2m tall, numerous pteridophytes and Gunnera over saturated, rocky ground. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5368 Kauai PTBG 7/23/1987
9 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Wainiha stream, headwaters below Hinalele falls. Metrosideros mixed lowland wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 16299 Kauai PTBG 2/10/2015
10 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kukaiau Ranch, moist places in bottom of stony ravine PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14221 Hawaii US 8/20/2016
11 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. T.H. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Faurie, A. 1313 US 3/23/1905
12 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. puu waawaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14474 Hawaii US 8/30/1916
13 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kukaiau ranch, moist places in bottom of stony ravine PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 14221 Hawaii US 8/20/1916
14 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 5120 Kauai US 8/9/2020
15 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. hanalei dist., kalalau rim, nw facing aspect, below pihea peak PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 1140 Kauai US 8/13/1991
16 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15301 Kauai US 10/20/2016
17 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Puu Waawaa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 14474 Hawaii US 8/30/2016
18 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 273 Kauai US
19 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. W side Waimea drainage basin, in Kokee stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 774.K Kauai US 1911-00-00
20 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. w side waimea drainage basin, in kokee stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 774.k Kauai US 7/3/1911
21 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kaholuamano. leito rochoso de um riacho PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hitchcock, as s/n WCUH 10/20/1916
22 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 5120 Oahu US
23 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Waimea Canyon State Park, mile 11.3 on Hwy 550 Waimea Canyon in remnant forest on steep, dry slope. Open grassy slope with ferns & various introduced herbs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 2201 Kauai BISH 5/21/1987
24 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15301 Kauai US 10/20/1916
25 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kukaiau ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hitchcock, a.s. collector number: 14221 Lanai BISH 8/20/1916
26 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kokee Beside wooded stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lee, h.a. moir; barnum collector number: 224 Kauai BISH 11/24/1925
27 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kokee Stream, Waimea Drainage Basin, W side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 774.K Kauai BISH 7/3/1917
28 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Honopu Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. s.n. Kauai BISH 7/17/1984
29 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. waimea canyon state park, mile 11.3 on hwy 550 Waimea Canyon in remnant forest on steep, dry slope. Open grassy slope with ferns & various introduced herbs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. lorence, d.; de lappe, r. collector number: 2201 Kauai BISH 5/21/1987
30 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 273 Kauai BISH
31 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kukaiau Ranch Moist place in stony ravine. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A.S. 14221 Hawaii BISH 8/20/1916
32 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kaluamakani PRESERVED_SPECIMEN collector number: 3136 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1909
33 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. makaweli, lowlands PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 5120 Kauai BISH 8/8/1909
34 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Parker Ranch, Mana In shade against house, moist. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 207 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1932
35 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. na pali coast, honopu beach. near arched rock between beaches Growing near sea level on stream bank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. cuddihy, l.w.; clarke, g.; yoshida, l. collector number: esp 417 Kauai BISH 7/20/1999
36 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kukaiau ranch Moist place in stony ravine. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hitchcock, a.s. collector number: 14221 Hawaii BISH 8/20/1916
37 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. koai valley In the forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2474 Maui BISH 6/3/1972
38 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Makaweli, lowlands PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 5120 Kauai BISH 8/1/1909
39 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kaholuamano In stony bed of shallow stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A.S. 15301 Kauai BISH 10/20/1916
40 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kalalau valley Along a stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. perlman, s.; gon, s. collector number: 3049 Kauai BISH 6/12/1989
41 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kalalau Valley Along a stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 3049 Kauai BISH 6/12/1989
42 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hitchcock, a.s. collector number: 15301 Oahu BISH 10/20/1916
43 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. upper paauhau, hamakua, mauna kea Rare in dry place. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2220 Hawaii BISH 6/3/1938
44 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. parker ranch, mana In shade against house, moist. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 207 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1932
45 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Na Pali Coast, Honopu Beach. Near arched rock between beaches Growing near sea level on stream bank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. ESP 417 Kauai BISH 7/20/1999
46 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. makaha valley, 3 mi down makaha ridge rd In valley bottom in wet, dripping area at base of wall. With Pluchea, Cyrtandra wawrae, & Lythrum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. randall, j. collector number: 1825 Kauai BISH 7/21/1986
47 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Na Pali Coast, Honopu Beach. Near arched rock between beaches Growing near sea level on stream bank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. Cuddihy, L.W.; Clarke, G.; Yoshida, L. Collector Number: ESP 417 Kauai BISH 7/20/1999
48 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 273 Kauai BISH 2/6/1905
49 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Near power house, Waimea Canyon Seeping crevices of cliff. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 23975 Kauai BISH 9/20/1955
50 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kokee stream, waimea drainage basin, w side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 774.k Kauai BISH 7/3/1917
51 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kokee Beside wooded stream. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lee, H.A. 224 Kauai BISH 11/24/1925
52 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. near power house, waimea canyon Seeping crevices of cliff. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. hansen, h.w. collector number: 23975 Kauai BISH 9/20/1955
53 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Kaluamakani PRESERVED_SPECIMEN 3136 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1909
54 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. waikii Edge of corn fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN judd jr., a.f. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/21/1928
55 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Koai Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 2474 Kauai BISH 6/3/1972
56 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Makaha Valley, 3 mi down Makaha ridge rd In valley bottom in wet, dripping area at base of wall. With Pluchea, Cyrtandra wawrae, & Lythrum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 1825 Kauai BISH 7/21/1986
57 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Waikii Edge of corn fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Judd Jr., A.F. s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/21/1928
58 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Milolii Growing at low elevations near water courses. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 1662 Kauai BISH 8/9/1982
59 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. milolii Growing at low elevations near water courses. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 1662 Kauai BISH 8/9/1982
60 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. kukee PRESERVED_SPECIMEN morr lee; moir & barnum 224 CHRB 11/22/1925
61 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. t.h. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. faurie 1313 NY 9/11/1909
62 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. Upper Paauhau, Hamakua, Mauna Kea Rare in dry place. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2220 Hawaii BISH 6/3/1938
63 Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. waimea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 273 F
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